https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-54pw-5645-jh86 reports:
A specially crafted External Term Format (ETF) payload of
merely 7 bytes triggers a crash in the BEAM virtual machine
when processed by binary_to_term/1,2. The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag
with specific parameters causes an unsigned integer underflow
during bitstring size calculation, resulting in an enormous
memory allocation attempt that immediately terminates the VM.
This is a full system crash, not a recoverable process
exception: Erlang supervision mechanisms, the [safe] option
and standard error handling cannot prevent it.